{"id":463,"date":"2018-07-12T10:33:23","date_gmt":"2018-07-12T07:33:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/?p=463"},"modified":"2018-07-12T10:33:23","modified_gmt":"2018-07-12T07:33:23","slug":"soframizi-ve-gezegeni-kurtarmanin-yolu-onarici-tarim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/?p=463","title":{"rendered":"SOFRAMIZI VE GEZEGEN\u0130 KURTARMANIN YOLU: ONARICI TARIM"},"content":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131: Durukan Dudu (Anadolu Meralar\u0131 e\u015f-kurucusu)<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

G\u0131da ve tar\u0131m \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en \u201cs\u0131cak\u201d konular\u0131ndan ikisi. Hem T\u00fcrkiye’de, hem de d\u00fcnyada g\u0131dan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi, kalitesi, lezzeti, insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na etkileri her kesimden insan\u0131n sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cdo\u011fruyu\u201d bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu. Son ony\u0131llarda i\u015fin \u201cg\u0131dan\u0131n tohumdan sofraya \u00fcretili\u015f s\u00fcrecinin do\u011faya etkisi\u201d boyutu da g\u00fcndemimize h\u0131zla dahil oldu.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu \u00e7ift-boyutlu s\u00fcreci kapsayan bir noktada \u201conar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u201d kavram\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Asl\u0131nda bu kavram T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a yeni; ilk defa 2014’te Anadolu Meralar\u0131 ve bendenizin yaz\u0131, sunum ve e\u011fitimlerinde payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, daha do\u011frusu \u00f6nerdi\u011fimiz bir kavram. D\u00fcnyada da T\u00fcrkiye’deki kadar olmasa da nispeten yeni bir kavram, \u0130ngilizcesi \u201cregenerative agriculture\u201d olarak ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n

Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m, g\u0131dan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finden \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecine, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinden finansman yap\u0131s\u0131na, yeti\u015fti\u011fi topra\u011f\u0131n biyolojik bereketinden bunun g\u0131dan\u0131n besleyicili\u011fini nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine kadar \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir yelpazede ge\u00e7erli bir paradigma de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00f6neriyor ve bunu somut \u00f6rneklerle uyguluyor; onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n sadece akademi veya sivil toplum nezdinde farazi bir konu de\u011fil, do\u011frudan \u00e7ift\u00e7i temelli bir teori ve uygulama b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olmas\u0131 da bu durumu yans\u0131tan temel dinamiklerden biri.<\/p>\n

\u201cParadigma\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle kullan\u0131yorum, zira onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m g\u0131da, tar\u0131m ve bunun sosyo-ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi konusundaki bir \u00e7ok \u00f6n yarg\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 derinden sarsan \u00f6nermeler ve bilgiler i\u00e7eriyor. Kaba bir \u00f6rnekle; yerel tohum ve zehirsiz\/g\u00fcbresiz tar\u0131mla \u00fcretimin iyi ama yetersiz oldu\u011funu, topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrmek gibi \u201cgeleneksel\u201d bir y\u00f6ntemin de gezegen i\u00e7in olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu somut verilerle g\u00f6steriyor, pratik alternatifler g\u00f6steriyor. Her bir \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinin en temel dinamiklerine son derece i\u015flevsel bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla (ama ilkeselli\u011fi elden b\u0131rakmadan!) iniyor, sorguluyor. Bilginin \u00fcretimi ve yeniden \u00fcretimi s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini \u201cyurtta\u015f bilimi\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Deney yapmay\u0131, planlamay\u0131, g\u00f6zlem yap\u0131p veri toplamay\u0131 seven (\u00e7o\u011funlukla yeni nesil) \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin sanal d\u00fcnyada ve d\u00f6nemsel toplant\u0131larda \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k kaynak veri\u201d \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda h\u0131zla geli\u015fip yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n bir de \u201c\u00fcretici \u2013 t\u00fcketici\u201d ili\u015fkisini yeniden tan\u0131mlama hali var ki, bahsetmeden olmaz: Her bir \u00f6rne\u011fin biricik ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6zg\u00fcn modeller geli\u015fiyor olsa da, temelde t\u00fcketiciyi de \u00fcretimin bir akt\u00f6r\u00fc haline getiren, bu sayede g\u0131da \u00fcretimi ve payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 anonim bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \u015feffafl\u0131k ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131kla bezeyen bir \u00e7er\u00e7evesi var.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6z\u00fcn \u00f6z\u00fc, onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m asl\u0131nda bir devrim: Hem de g\u0131da ve tar\u0131m gibi medeniyetin temeli olan bir boyutta ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen, \u00e7ok derin bir devrim.<\/p>\n

Toprak dedi\u011fin nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6zellikle son on y\u0131lda baz\u0131 cesur akademisyenler ve onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ift\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan beraber \u00fcretilen uygulamal\u0131 bilgilerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biliyoruz ki; toprak \u201csand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n\u201d \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde bir varl\u0131k. Bast\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z topra\u011f\u0131n en \u00fcstteki 20 \u2013 90 cm’lik tabakas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik diyarlar\u0131ndan biri. G\u00f6zle g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz ve g\u00f6remedi\u011fimiz canl\u0131lardan olu\u015fan, son derece karma\u015f\u0131k ve bir o kadar da yal\u0131n bir ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131 toprak yapan. Bu ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve bereketli olmas\u0131, o ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olan toprak \u00fcst\u00fc bitkilerin (domatesin, mesela) ne kadar besleyici oldu\u011funu belirliyor. \u00d6yle ki, g\u00f6ze ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir domates doktorlar\u0131n 3 ay \u00f6m\u00fcr bi\u00e7ti\u011fi bir kanser hastas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilirken, bir di\u011feri insan\u0131 kanser edebiliyor. \u0130\u015fte bu toprak ya\u015fam a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, en az\u0131ndan temel prensiplerini anlamak ve bunlar\u0131 besleyen bir tar\u0131m \u015fekli, sofralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bedenlerimizi koruman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde iyile\u015ftirip onarman\u0131n da tek yolu.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne yiyorsak oyuz ve hatta, \u201cyedi\u011fimiz, nas\u0131l bir toprakta beslendiyse\u201d oyuz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Bu noktada akl\u0131n\u0131zda canlanan detayl\u0131 sorular i\u00e7in, sizleri internette \u201ctoprak g\u0131da a\u011f\u0131\u201d ve \u201csoil food web\u201d temal\u0131 bir arama yapmaya davet etmek isterim \u2013 ancak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z cevaplar\u0131n do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 sorular ve pa\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 s\u0131vay\u0131p girdi\u011finiz derenin asl\u0131nda devasa bir okyanus oldu\u011funu fark edece\u011finizi de s\u00f6ylemeliyim: \u0130leri d\u00fczey biyoloji, kimya ve fizik i\u00e7erikli bir bilim dal\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc. Toprak uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u201cUzay hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimiz, toprak hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimizden daha fazla\u201d demesi bo\u015funa de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Do\u011fay\u0131 Onarmak = \u015eifal\u0131 G\u0131da \u00dcretmek<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar insan\u0131n t\u00fcm ekonomik faaliyetlerinin do\u011fa i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, yapabilece\u011fimiz en iyi \u015feyin bu zarar\u0131 asgariye indirecek uygulamalar oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnegeldik. Ekoloji bilimi ve ye\u015fil politika da, insan medeniyetinin olu\u015ftu\u011fu ilk g\u00fcnden beri do\u011fan\u0131n ve gezegenin hanesine zarar yazan bir olu\u015fum oldu\u011funu anlatt\u0131. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cgeli\u015fimi\u201d, \u00f6zellikle son 300 y\u0131la s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sanayi devrimi ve sonras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7 de bu iddiay\u0131 do\u011frulayan bir\u00e7ok ger\u00e7e\u011fi bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yordu. Yani \u201cinsanla do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin bir kaybedeni olmak zorunda; o da ne yaz\u0131k ki do\u011fa\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, \u00e7evre ve ekoloji hareketinin hikmetinden sual olunmaz hakikatlerinden biri olageldi.<\/p>\n

Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131 \u201cparadigma de\u011fi\u015fimi\u201d mertebesine y\u00fckselten boyutlardan biri de bu: Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m ve i\u00e7erdi\u011fi uygulamalar, insan\u0131n tar\u0131m yaparak do\u011fay\u0131 korumas\u0131n\u0131n, yani s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u201conarabilece\u011fini\u201d kan\u0131tlad\u0131. Bu, k\u00fcresel medeniyetimizde bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131. Medeniyet tarihi hakk\u0131ndaki yeni bulgular da bunun basit d\u00fczeylerde kimi topluluklar taraf\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini kan\u0131tlad\u0131; Amerika yerlilerinin \u201cyaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d bereketli orman ekosistemleri, Amazon yerlilerinin y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l i\u00e7inde devasa Amazon Havzas\u0131’n\u0131n topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 organik madde a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zenginle\u015ftiren \u201cterrapreta\u201d uygulamalar\u0131 ile medeniyet tarihinin bu\u011fdayla de\u011fil me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel anlatan \u201cOak: The Frame of Civilization\u201d gibi kaynaklar nereden geldi\u011fimiz ve nereye gitmemiz gerekti\u011fi konusunda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 veriler sundular.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte bu tarih okumas\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekleri \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, topra\u011f\u0131 \u201cgeleneksel\u201d dedi\u011fimiz y\u00f6ntemler dahil olmak \u00fczere son 3-4 biny\u0131ld\u0131r ne kadar h\u0131rpalad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve bunun aksi y\u00f6nde bir Onar\u0131c\u0131 Tar\u0131m devrimi ba\u015flatmam\u0131z halinde hem do\u011fay\u0131 onar\u0131p hem de \u015fifal\u0131 g\u0131da \u00fcretebilece\u011fimizi biliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fay\u0131 onarmak derken, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve acil felaketi olan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de meselenin tam ortas\u0131na yerle\u015ftiriyorum: D\u00fcnya topraklar\u0131ndaki organik madde oran\u0131n\u0131 sadece y\u00fczde 0.1 oran\u0131nda art\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farmam\u0131z halinde, atmosferde halihaz\u0131rda 400 ppm olan karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131 350’ye \u00e7ekmeyi, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015faret etti\u011fi \u201cg\u00fcvenli en \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131ra\u201d yakla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015faraca\u011f\u0131z. B\u00f6ylece iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm devasa krizler bir anda ortadan kalk\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Anadolu Meralar\u0131 Uygulama Arazisi’nde 12 ayda organik maddeyi y\u00fczde 0.4 oran\u0131nda art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, ABD’li toprak uzman\u0131 Dr. Elaine Ingham’\u0131n \u015fakayla kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, \u201cOnar\u0131c\u0131tar\u0131m devrimini k\u00fcresel olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirirsek k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k montlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 haz\u0131rlay\u0131n\u201d c\u00fcmlesinin anlam\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: D\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm topraklarda, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Anadolu Meralar\u0131 Uygulama Arazisi’ndeki organik madde art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fseydi, atmosferden 1400 Gigaton karbonu \u201cbereket\u201d olarak topra\u011fa \u00e7ekmi\u015f olacak ve karbondioksit oran\u0131n\u0131 bir y\u0131lda Sanayi Devrimi’nin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki oran olan 210 ppm’e yakla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi’yle yak\u0131ndan ilgilenmeyen veya bu say\u0131lardan akl\u0131 kar\u0131\u015fan okurlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in durumu \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6zetleyeyim: Bizlerin ge\u00e7en sene son derece k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 kaynaklarla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi toprak onar\u0131m\u0131 t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilse, bu insanl\u0131k tarihinin gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve ebediyen olabilecek en \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ecek.<\/p>\n

Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131ma \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden birey, olu\u015fum ve gruplar\u0131n her ge\u00e7en sene artan pop\u00fclaritesinin kayna\u011f\u0131 da bu: Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m, a\u00e7l\u0131k, \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fme, toprak erozyonu, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve enerji krizi gibi i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz hale gelmi\u015f ya\u015famsal krizlere ucuz, kesin ve yan etkisi olmayan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunuyor.<\/p>\n

Bir \u201cyan etki\u201d var ger\u00e7i, onu atlamayal\u0131m: T\u00fcm bu devasa \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri \u201c\u015fifal\u0131 g\u0131da \u00fcreterek\u201d sunuyor. Yani hem g\u0131dam\u0131z\u0131n kalitesi, tad\u0131 ve besleyicili\u011fi tavan yaparak \u201czehirli g\u0131da\u201d yerine \u201c\u015fifal\u0131 g\u0131da\u201d oluyor; hem de d\u00fcnyay\u0131 kurtar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bundan be\u015f sene \u00f6nce onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m ve onun amiral gemisi olan \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl y\u00f6netim\u201d (Holistic Management) ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, bir iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi aktivisti\/uzman\u0131 olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, bug\u00fcn bu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bir \u201conar\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7i\u201d olarak yazarken artarak devam eden heyecan\u0131m\u0131n sebebi de i\u015fte bu; her g\u00fcn kendi g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6zlemleyip burnumla koklad\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve ellerimle dokundu\u011fum s\u00fcre\u00e7…<\/p>\n

Ot\u00e7ul Hayvanlar: Su\u00e7lu de\u011fil, \u201cKurtar\u0131c\u0131\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra hayat\u0131m\u0131za h\u0131zla giren bir olgu var, \u201cend\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d. \u201cD\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda artan hayvansal g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan\u201d ziyade, sava\u015f sonras\u0131 biyolojik silah yerine tar\u0131m zehiri ve suni g\u00fcbre \u00fcretmeye ba\u015flayarak palazlanan tar\u0131m end\u00fcstrisinin \u201ckimyasal tar\u0131m\u201d\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucuydu end\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k. \u015eu anda T\u00fcrkiye’nin de k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcreticisinden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcreticisine kadar iliklerine kadar i\u015flemi\u015f olan end\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, GDO’lu yem kullan\u0131m\u0131, hormon ve di\u011fer kimyasal girdiler sebebiyle insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozmakla kalm\u0131yor; toprak bozunumu, kirlilik ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini de k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fcyor, hayvan haklar\u0131n\u0131 da ezip ge\u00e7iyor. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u201cend\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k\u201d kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ba\u015flayan hareketlerin \u00f6zellikle son ony\u0131llarda ciddi anlamda g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesinin sebebi de bu.<\/p>\n

Ancak end\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k gibi t\u00fcketilen enerji kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 al\u0131nan besin hesab\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda son derece verimsiz oldu\u011fu bariz olan bir tar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bir yanl\u0131\u015f var: Su\u00e7lu olan ot\u00e7ul hayvanlar de\u011fil, insan olarak hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yapma \u015feklimiz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelece\u011fi ve sofralar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in az bilinen ama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir konu bu: Gezegeni ve bedenlerimizi yok eden mevcut hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yerine, do\u011fay\u0131 h\u0131zla onaran (s\u00fcrd\u00fcren de\u011fil, onaran!) ve insanlara da son derece besleyici g\u0131da sunan bir hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn, hatta ot\u00e7ullar kurtulu\u015fun en \u00f6nemli yollar\u0131ndan biri. Bu fark\u0131ndal\u0131k ve uygulamas\u0131 d\u00fcnyada h\u0131zla yay\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Allan Savory’nin kurdu\u011fu Savory Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zerk g\u00f6zeleri (T\u00fcrkiye’de Anadolu Meralar\u0131), onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl y\u00f6netim\u201dle i\u015fte bu de\u011fi\u015fimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Ot\u00e7ul hayvanlar\u0131n yabani atalar\u0131n\u0131n etraftaki avc\u0131 hayvan ve insanlar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131yla izledi\u011fi otlama ve toprak \u00fczerinde \u201cmasaj\u201d yaratma \u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz sosyo-ekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ger\u00e7eklikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ve yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir karar alma s\u00fcreciyle do\u011fru uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sonu\u00e7 topra\u011f\u0131n su tutma ve emme kapasitesinin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, erozyonun sona ermesi, topra\u011f\u0131n organik maddesinin h\u0131zla artmas\u0131, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve besin de\u011ferlerinin y\u00fckselmesi oluyor.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen mera ve otlaklar\u0131n, \u201cb\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl y\u00f6netim\u201din son derece uygulanabilir y\u00f6ntemleriyle hem ekonomik olarak de\u011fer kazanmas\u0131 hem de ekolojik onar\u0131m\u0131n ba\u015fat mek\u00e2nlar\u0131 olmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye gibi bir \u00fclkede \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli: T\u00fcrkiye, \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 ve bir o kadar da kalitesiz hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin diyar\u0131. \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl y\u00f6netim\u201dle idare edilen meralar ve otlaklar ise hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n orta vadede maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015fmesi, hayvansal g\u0131dan\u0131n zehirli olmaktan kurtulup \u201c\u015fifal\u0131\u201d bir besin haline gelmesi, su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden onar\u0131m\u0131, sellerle m\u00fccadelenin kolayla\u015fmas\u0131 ve topraklar\u0131n iyile\u015fmesi, tar\u0131msal \u00fcretim ve g\u0131dan\u0131n insanlar\u0131 birbirinden koparan de\u011fil birbirine yeniden ba\u011flayan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olmas\u0131 demek.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, uzun y\u0131llardan beri kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u201ckazan \u2013 kazan\u201d f\u0131rsat\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Uzun ince bir yol<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu yol uzun, \u015f\u00fcphesiz. Yasal mevzuat ve uygulamalar\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde olu\u015fturulmas\u0131ndan mevcut \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin alg\u0131sal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne, onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m devrimiyle ilgili konulardaki toplumsal fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan bilgi ve uygulama altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na kadar bir \u00e7ok boyutta \u00f6devimiz, kat etmemiz gereken mesafe var. Ancak en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6rev \u201ct\u00fcketici\u201d olmak yerine \u201ct\u00fcretici\u201d olmay\u0131 se\u00e7me iradesine sahip bireylere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor: Onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131mla \u00fcretilen \u015fifal\u0131, do\u011fru g\u0131da -en az\u0131ndan ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta- daha pahal\u0131 olacak, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onu \u00fcreten, A’dan Z’ye t\u00fcm s\u00fcre\u00e7lerde \u201cak\u0131nt\u0131ya ters k\u00fcrek \u00e7ekiyor\u201d olacak. Ula\u015fmas\u0131 daha zor, daha \u00e7ok emek ister, g\u0131da topluluklar\u0131 kurarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme gere\u011fini haiz olacak. Standart birer kimyasal kutusu de\u011fil, her seferinde az\u0131c\u0131k farkl\u0131, \u00e7ok\u00e7a \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir tatta olacak. Ufac\u0131k yaz\u0131larla dolu ufak bir etiketi de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcreci detaylar\u0131yla anlatan bir hik\u00e2yesi olacak \u2013 ve t\u00fcreticinin t\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmesini, sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131 isteyecek. Kokusuz veya al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f m\u0131s\u0131r \u015furubu tad\u0131n\u0131n bask\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir g\u0131da de\u011fil, \u00fcretildi\u011fi topra\u011f\u0131 ve hayvan\u0131 yans\u0131tan bir biriciklikte olacak. G\u00fczel ambalajlara sahip olmayacak belki, bir s\u00fcre. Ama y\u00fcksek besin de\u011ferli ve zengin iz-elementli, ger\u00e7ek bir g\u0131da olacak.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte onar\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu en b\u00fcy\u00fck maceras\u0131na ortak olmayan isteyen kararl\u0131l\u0131ktaki t\u00fcreticilerle \u00fcreticilerin \u015feffaf, dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 bir ruh haliyle omuz omuza vermesiyle y\u00fckselecek.<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraflar: anadolumera.com
\nYaz\u0131 Haziran 2016’da kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yaz\u0131: Durukan Dudu (Anadolu Meralar\u0131 e\u015f-kurucusu)   G\u0131da ve tar\u0131m \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n en \u201cs\u0131cak\u201d konular\u0131ndan ikisi.Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":511,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/463\/revisions\/511"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gidatopluluklari.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}